Love Beyond Surrender

by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda

The position, the special attractions and the opulences of Kṛṣṅa can be understood only by devotional service (Bhakti). If we wish to gain the favor of a great personality, we must satisfy him by our service. Even in this material world, one cannot understand a great man by speculation alone. If we wish to understand what a great man is, we have to satisfy him with our service, friendship and love, and he will disclose what he has to offer us. Bhakti is a similar process. If we wish to know Kṛṣṅa, His opulences and His special features, as well as His special attractive qualities, we must understand Him through this process of devotional service called Kṛṣṅa consciousness. Indeed, in the last chapter of Bhagavad-gītā Kṛṣṅa Himself says:

bhaktyā mām abhijānāti yāvān yaś cāsmi tattvataḥ tato māṁ tattvato jñātvā viśate tad-anantaram

"One can understand the Supreme Personality as He is only by devotional service. And when one is in full consciousness of the Supreme Lord by such devotion, he can enter the kingdom of God." (Bg. 18.55)

In the Seventh Chapter of Bhagavad-gītā Lord Kṛṣṅa says:

manuṣyāṅāṁ sahasreṣu kaścid yatati siddhaye yatatām api siddhānāṁ kaścin māṁ vetti tattvataḥ

"Out of many thousands among men, one may endeavor for perfection, and of those who have achieved perfection, hardly one knows Me in truth." (Bg. 7.3)

In other words, the vast majority of men are engaged in the animal propensities to eat, sleep, be merry, enjoy and mate a little. Of millions of these, only one will strive to know Kṛṣṅa as He is, and of millions of these, only one will succeed. Only those who have attained perfection can understand what Kṛṣṅa actually is. That perfection and understanding can be attained by bhakti, devotion, as indicated also in the Eleventh Chapter:

bhaktyā tv ananyayā śakya aham evaṁ-vidho ’rjuna jñātum draṣṭuṁ ca tattvena praveṣṭuṁ ca parantapa

"My dear Arjuna, only by undivided devotional service can I be understood as I am, standing before you, and can thus be seen directly. Only in this way can you enter the mysteries of My understanding." (Bg. 11.54)

The Most Charitable Personality

One can enter the abode of Kṛṣṅa when one understands perfectly what Kṛṣṅa is. Of course one cannot understand Kṛṣṅa perfectly, but only insofar as one's capacity to understand Him. The understanding must be of Kṛṣṅa as He actually is (tattvataḥ). Otherwise, there is no entrance into His abode. Lord Caitanya instructed Sanātana Gosvāmī about Kṛṣṅa through devotional service, and His instructions are very important. We should understand and note them as much as we do Bhagavad-gītā. In Bhagavad-gītā Kṛṣṅa gives instructions directly to Arjuna about fruitive activity, philosophical speculation and the yoga system. Ultimately, however, Kṛṣṅa instructed Arjuna, sarva-dharmān parityajya mām ekaṁ śaraṅaṁ vraja: "Give up all varieties of religion and just surrender unto Me." (Bg. 18.66) Lord Caitanya, however, by His special blessings, gives what even Kṛṣṅa did not give, what Kṛṣṅa hesitated to give, for Kṛṣṅa knew that if He spoke of abandonment of duty (dharma) and total surrender unto Him in the very beginning of Bhagavad-gītā, Arjuna would not accept it. Actually it was not necessary to elaborately go through so many phases of instructions in Bhagavad-gītā, for the most confidential instruction was that Arjuna give up everything and just surrender unto Him. Although this is the actual instruction of Bhagavad-gītā, it was not spoken in the beginning. This is because there are many types of human beings, and the paths of jñāna and yoga are required for them. The special mercy of Lord Caitanya Mahāprabhu, however, is that He directly gives this highest instruction. What Kṛṣṅa could not give directly on the battlefield is given directly by Lord Kṛṣṅa Caitanya, Kṛṣṅa in His incarnation as Lord Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu. Therefore Lord Caitanya is considered the most munificent, the most charitable personality. Indeed, Rūpa Gosvāmī offered his respects to Lord Caitanya Mahāprabhu in this way.

namo mahā-vadānyāya kṛṣṅa-prema-pradāya te kṛṣṅāya kṛṣṅa-caitanya- nāmne gaura-tviṣe namaḥ

"I offer my respectful obeisances unto the Supreme Lord Śrī Kṛṣṅa Caitanya, who is more magnanimous than any other avatāra, even Kṛṣṅa Himself, because He is bestowing freely what no one else has ever given—pure love of Kṛṣṅa."

To understand Kṛṣṅa is very difficult, and many great scholars, philosophers and personalities are frustrated in their attempts, but Caitanya Mahāprabhu is so merciful and magnanimous that He is directly offering kṛṣṅa-prema, love of Kṛṣṅa.

Blind Faith Rejected

The way of receiving knowledge of Kṛṣṅa is also indicated by Sanātana Gosvāmī. He fell at the feet of Lord Caitanya Mahāprabhu and said, "My dear Lord, I have simply wasted my time by trying to gratify my senses. That is my only qualification. I belong to the lowest class of men, and my associates are also of the lowest type. I have fallen, and I am the lowest of all. These are my qualifications." In actuality Sanātana Gosvāmī belonged to a high-caste brāhmaṅa family, but because he accepted service in the Moslem government, he did not consider himself a brāhmaṅa. Traditionally, brāhmaṅas would never accept service of any type—they would starve first. Because Rūpa and Sanātana Gosvāmī accepted service, they were considered to be outside the brāhmaṅa community. Although the social conditions at that time were very strict, Caitanya Mahāprabhu accepted Sanātana Gosvāmī and Rūpa Gosvāmī.

We should not think, however, that Sanātana Gosvāmī's position was unique. Nor should we consider ourselves as belonging to this community or that community, for in any case we have all fallen from our eternal position. When approaching a spiritual master, one should not be puffed up by his so-called qualifications. One should forget whatever nonsense he has learned and approach the spiritual master as a blind slave. This is the qualification. One must set aside his conceptions of "I believe," and "I think," and "I cannot." Thus Sanātana Gosvāmī is indicating that because he is simply absorbed with the animal propensities of eating, sleeping, mating and defending, because he has fallen from his eternal position, because he is ostracized and his association is low, and because he has wasted his time, he does not know what is actually beneficial to him. This is his statement, although he was very aristocratic and was a learned Sanskrit scholar.

This is not a case of false humility, for Sanātana Gosvāmī was a devotee,. and unless he actually felt something to be so, he would not say it. Although Sanātana Gosvāmī was called a paṅḍita, a learned man, he did not feel that he deserved this title, because he did not know the goal of life. Our nature is that although we may be fool number one, if someone addresses us as a learned person, we accept it. This is our illusion: we never accept ourselves as a fool, but think, "Who can be greater than me? I can think for myself. What is the need of a spiritual master? I can become a religious leader, I can become such and such." This is our mentality, but this mentality should be sacrificed before approaching a spiritual master. First one must select a spiritual master, and this requires some knowledge, and then when one is sure that the spiritual master is bona fide, he should offer himself submissively. When Sanātana Gosvāmī first met Lord Caitanya Mahāprabhu, he did not surrender himself, but after hearing Him he realized the greatness of His message and then submitted himself. This then is the process. There is no question of blind faith.

Knowledge Through Devotion

Throughout Bhagavad-gītā Kṛṣṅa emphasizes the importance of understanding Him in truth, and it is Lord Caitanya Mahāprabhu who bestows this knowledge of Kṛṣṅa through the process of love and devotion. Simply understanding that there is God is not sufficient; we must understand God in fact. Nor is it sufficient to consider God our order supplier. Kṛṣṅa must be known in truth (tattvena), and it is Lord Caitanya who explains Him in truth. As mentioned before, it is not possible to understand God to the fullest extent, but to the extent of our human capabilities. Kṛṣṅa has explained about Himself in Bhagavad-gītā, and that is sufficient, but Caitanya Mahāprabhu offers even more information. Of all of the activities of the living entity, Kṛṣṅa is both the enjoyer and the master, but those who are not aware of this fall down from their true relationship with Him:

ahaṁ hi sarva-yajñānāṁ bhoktā ca prabhur eva ca na tu mām abhijānanti tattvenātaś cyavanti te

"I am the only enjoyer and the only object of sacrifice. Those who do not recognize My true transcendental nature fall down." (Bg. 9.24)

Throughout Bhagavad-gītā we find that Kṛṣṅa says, "Just surrender to Me, and I will give you all protection." Lord Caitanya, as Kṛṣṅa Himself in the role of a devotee, goes further in His explanation. He advises surrender, but in addition He explains the activities following surrender. Following surrender, there is worship, and the proper process for worship is described by Lord Caitanya and His immediate followers, especially Rūpa Gosvāmī.

The impersonalists, or Māyāvādīs, contend that God has no form, that He is impersonal, and that therefore it is necessary to imagine a form of the Godhead in order to render worship or to meditate upon Him. However, this is refuted by Kṛṣṅa. We should not think of God as void or impersonal, nor should we simply imagine a form of Him, nor should we worship demigods or spirits. All of this is discouraged in Bhagavad-gītā:

yānti deva-vratā devān pitṝn yānti pitṛ-vratāḥ bhūtāni yānti bhūtejyā yānti mad-yājino ’pi mām

"Those who worship the demigods will take birth among the demigods; those who worship ghosts and spirits will take birth among such beings; those who worship ancestors go to the ancestors; and those who worship Me will live with Me." (Bg. 9.25)

Beyond The Material Universe

We have freedom of action, and God rewards us the results—whatever we want. If we worship material things, then we attain them. In other words, we remain on the material platform life after life. If we worship highly elevated living entities (the demigods) then we go to the worlds of these beings. Similarly, if we worship our ancestors, we will go to their worlds also. And if we wish to go to the planet where Kṛṣṅa resides, known as Goloka Vṛndāvana, we have to worship Kṛṣṅa. This is certainly not unreasonable; if we wish to attain a particular destination, we must purchase a ticket for that destination and not another. Bhagavad-gītā explains that the planet of Kṛṣṅa is different from others, for when one attains it he has no longer to return to this material world.

ābrahma-bhuvanāl lokāḥ punar āvartino ’rjuna mām upetya tu kaunteya punar janma na vidyate

"From the highest planet in the material world down to the lowest, all are places of misery wherein repeated birth and death take place. But one who attains to My abode, O son of Kuntī, never takes birth again." (Bg. 8.16)

Regardless of where we go in this material world—even to the highest planets—we have to return, sometimes to a higher position, and sometimes to a lower. Just as the soul transmigrates from one body to another, it also transmigrates from one planet to another. We should attempt to go to that realm from which we do not have to return, and that is known as the realm of Vaikuṅṭha, the spiritual sky, which is beyond the material universe. If we remain always in Kṛṣṅa consciousness, our transfer to that planet of Kṛṣṅa is guaranteed. It is a question of practice, for the mental condition that prevails at the time of death determines the form of body one acquires in the next life. Just as we have to prepare for examinations in an ordinary school, we also have to prepare for the examination known as death. If we at all want to transfer ourselves to that planet known as Kṛṣṅaloka, cintāmaṅi-dhāma, then we have to practice. The human life is specifically meant for the practice of Kṛṣṅa consciousness. Those who are even apprentices in this realm are already considered liberated, just as a sincere student who is preparing himself for his examinations may already be considered to have passed them. In other words, he prepares himself so thoroughly that his passing of the examination is guaranteed.

The method of preparing for the examination of death, the method of Kṛṣṅa consciousness, is outlined by Kṛṣṅa in this way:

yat karoṣi yad aśnāsi yaj juhoṣi dadāsi yat yat tapasyasi kaunteya tat kuruṣva mad-arpaṅam

"O son of Kuntī, all that you do, all that you eat, all that you offer and give away, as well as all austerities that you may perform, should be done as an offering unto Me." (Bg. 9.27)

The Loving Exchange

As stated before, we have to make friendship with Kṛṣṅa. It is not possible to claim any favor of the Supreme, but if we approach Him with love it is said that He can actually be conquered. There are six principles of love by which one can understand that another person loves him. The first is dadāti—when we love someone, we must give him something. The second is that we must take something from him. Next, we must give him something to eat and also accept what he gives to eat. One must also disclose his mind, and if the beloved is in difficulty, one must also hear him disclose his. We have to relate to God in this way. The beginning, therefore, is offering something. As stated before, this is not very difficult, for it is facilitated to such an extent in Bhagavad-gītā that any poor man from any part of the world can make an offering that Kṛṣṅa will accept.

patraṁ puṣpaṁ phalaṁ toyaṁ yo me bhaktyā prayacchati tad ahaṁ bhakty-upahṛtam aśnāmi prayatātmanaḥ

"If one offers Me with love and devotion a leaf, a flower, fruit or water, I will accept it:' (Bg. 9.26)

These four items can be offered universally. No one is so poor that he cannot offer a leaf, or a flower, or a piece of fruit, or a little water. Indeed, it is not possible even to live without water; so there is no excuse for any living being not to make an offering due to having no offerable object. It is not the gift that is important, but the love with which it is offered. Love is the principal ingredient. Because the gifts are brought with love, Kṛṣṅa accepts them.

God is full, but He accepts our devotional love. Love means that we should offer Kṛṣṅa the most dear, the choicest, the best thing. It is not that we should keep sumptuous foods for ourselves and offer Kṛṣṅa only a leaf and a little water. That is known as cheating, and of course it is not possible to conceal this cheating from Kṛṣṅa. Since everything belongs to Kṛṣṅa, it is really not possible to offer Him anything; therefore the only thing we are actually offering is our love. All goods and resources in the universe are supplied by Kṛṣṅa; the same objects may be there, but if we utilize them to gratify our senses, we go to the darkest regions of the universe, and if we offer them to Kṛṣṅa with love, these very objects become spiritualized and become a means for liberation.

The Consciousness for Peace

Simply by changing our consciousness we can spiritualize the whole world. The world is anxious for peace, and this is the actual method—change of consciousness. If we encroach upon God's property and try to utilize it for our own purposes, then there is no possibility of peace. Everything in the world belongs to God—nay, everything in the creation—and it is necessary for us to acknowledge this. If we steal something from someone else, we cannot expect peace. Nor can we ever really expect to enjoy that stolen property, because we will always be anxious about being caught. Similarly, by stealing from God we become subject to apprehension by His police force, which is known as material nature. As soon as we use the property of God to gratify our own senses, nature will inflict miseries upon us. This is the law of nature and is clearly stated in Bhagavad-gītā:

daivī hy eṣā guṅamayī mama māyā duratyayā mām eva ye prapadyante māyām etāṁ taranti te

"This divine energy of Mine, consisting of the three modes of material nature, is difficult to overcome. But those who have surrendered unto Me can easily cross beyond it." (Bg. 7.14)

It is not in our power to surpass the stringent laws of material nature. Guṅamayī refers to the three modes of goodness, passion and ignorance. Regardless of how strong we may think we are, the three qualities of material nature are stronger and will hold us under their sway. To extricate ourselves, we should not attempt to dominate nature by utilizing her resources for our own personal gratification but should offer whatever resources are there to the Supreme Lord and then partake of them. This is Kṛṣṅa consciousness. The Lord is supplying us with everything, and all we need do is acknowledge it. If we offer things to God and God accepts them, He becomes our friend, and if God is our friend, we will not want anything. We will find ourselves totally fulfilled and will find that we have everything. There will be no anxiety, for once we know that Kṛṣṅa is our friend and protector, we will become peaceful automatically.

A senior member of the Hare Kṛṣṅa movement tells how Kṛṣṅa consciousness has gone from East to West and back again.